• translated_sha: cd45f94f39aae63536cde77a0a8b959392d23d9e
  • ULog File Format
    • 数据类型
    • 文件结构
      • 头部
      • 定义部分(Definitions Section)
      • 数据部分(Data Section)
    • Requirements for Parsers
    • Known Implementations
    • File Format Version History
      • Changes in version 2

    translated_page: https://github.com/PX4/Devguide/blob/master/en/log/ulog_file_format.md

    translated_sha: cd45f94f39aae63536cde77a0a8b959392d23d9e

    ULog File Format

    Ulog是一种用来记录系统数据的日志格式。这种格式是自解释的,比如,他包含了日志的格式和消息类型。

    他可以用来记录设备的输入(传感器等),内部状态(CPU负载,姿态等)以及打印日志信息。

    采用小端格式。(译注:低字节存储在低地址)

    数据类型

    下面列举了使用的数据类型,他们都与C语言的类型相对应。

    Type Size in Bytes
    int8_t, uint8_t 1
    int16_t, uint16_t 2
    int32_t, uint32_t 4
    int64_t, uint64_t 8
    float 4
    double 8
    bool, char 1

    此外所有类型都可以使用数组,比如float[5]。一般而言所有的字符串(char[length])结尾都不包含 '\0'。字符串大小写敏感。

    文件结构

    文件包含三个部分:

    1. ----------------------
    2. | Header |
    3. ----------------------
    4. | Definitions |
    5. ----------------------
    6. | Data |
    7. ----------------------

    头部

    头部大小固定,格式如下(16 bytes):

    1. ----------------------------------------------------------------------
    2. | 0x55 0x4c 0x6f 0x67 0x01 0x12 0x35 | 0x00 | uint64_t |
    3. | File magic (7B) | Version (1B) | Timestamp (8B) |
    4. ----------------------------------------------------------------------

    Version是文件格式的版本,当前是0。时间戳是uint64_t类型,用微秒表示记录开始的时间。

    定义部分(Definitions Section)

    长度可变,包含版本信息,格式定义以及(初始) 参数值。

    定义部分和数据部分由消息流组成,消息流以下面这样的头部开始:

    1. struct message_header_s {
    2. uint16_t msg_size;
    3. uint8_t msg_type
    4. };

    msg_size 消息去掉头部的字节数
    (hdr_size= 3 bytes). msg_type定义了内容,是下面可能的情况之一:

    • ‘F’: format definition for a single (composite) type that can be logged or
      used in another definition as a nested type.

    • ‘F’: 单一(混合)类型的格式定义,用于日志记录或者作为嵌套类型用在其他的定义中。

    1. struct message_format_s {
    2. struct message_header_s header;
    3. char format[header.msg_size-hdr_size];
    4. };

    format: 纯文本字符串,格式如下: message_name:field0;field1;可以有任意数量的field
    (至少 1), 用 ;隔开。
    field 的格式: type field_name 或者数组形式 type[array_length] field_name(只支持固定尺寸的数组).
    type 可以是基本的数据类型,也可以是另一种格式定义的message_name (嵌套用法).
    type可以在定义前使用。可以任意地嵌套,但是不要循环依赖。

    有一些特殊的field:

    • timestamp: 每个日志消息 (message_add_logged_s) 必须包含一个
      timestamp field (不必是第一个). 他的type可以是:

      1. `uint64_t` \(当前唯一被用到的\), `uint32_t`, `uint16_t` or
      2. `uint8_t`. 除了 `uint8_t` 的单位是毫秒,其他单位都是微秒
      3. 日志写入器必须确保记录日志消息足够频繁,能够检测环绕,一个日志读取器必须处理环绕
      4. \(并且考虑到数据丢失\). 拥有相同`msg_id`的消息序列的timestamp必须单调增加.
    • Padding: 以_padding 开头的field名称,不应该被显示,并且读取器应该忽略他们的数据should not be displayed and
      their data must be ignored by a reader. 写入器插入这些 fields 用来确保正确的对齐。

      如果 padding field 是最后一个field, 那么这个field不会被记录,这样就避免了写入不必要的数据
      这使message_data_s.data 得以缩短 。然而当消息用于嵌套定义的时候依然需要padding

    • ‘I’: information message.

    1. struct message_info_s {
    2. struct message_header_s header;
    3. uint8_t key_len;
    4. char key[key_len];
    5. char value[header.msg_size-hdr_size-1-key_len]
    6. };

    key 是一个纯文本字符串, 只包含一个field,没有;结尾,例如
    float[3] myvalues. value 含有用key描述的数据。

    预定义的 information messages :

    key Description Example for value
    char[value_len] sys_name Name of the system “PX4”
    char[value_len] ver_hw Hardware version “PX4FMU_V4”
    char[value_len] ver_sw Software version (git tag) “7f65e01”
    uint32_t ver_sw_release Software version (see below) 0x010401ff
    char[value_len] sys_os_name Operating System Name “Linux”
    char[value_len] sys_os_ver OS version (git tag) “9f82919”
    uint32_t ver_os_release OS version (see below) 0x010401ff
    char[value_len] sys_toolchain Toolchain Name “GNU GCC”
    char[value_len] sys_toolchain_ver Toolchain Version “6.2.1”
    char[value_len] sys_mcu Chip name and revision “STM32F42x, rev A”
    char[value_len] sys_uuid Unique identifier for vehicle (eg. MCU ID) “392a93e32fa3”…
    char[value_len] replay File name of replayed log if in replay mode “log001.ulg”
    int32_t time_ref_utc UTC Time offset in seconds -3600

    ver_sw_releasever_os_release的格式是: 0xAABBCCTT, AA
    是 major(主版本号), BB 是 minor(次版本号), CC 是 patch(补丁版本) and TT 是类型. 类型
    定义如下: >= 0: development, >= 64: alpha version, >= 128: beta
    version, >= 192: RC version, == 255: release version.
    例如 0x010402ff 转换成版本为 v1.4.2.

    This message can also be used in the Data section (this is however the preferred section).

    • ‘P’: 参数消息. 和message_info_s格式一样.
      如果一个参数在运行时实时改变, 那这个消息也可以用在数据部分(Data section).
      1. 数据类型限制为: `int32_t`, `float`.

    This section ends before the start of the first message_add_logged_s or message_logging_s message, whichever comes first.

    数据部分(Data Section)

    下列消息属于这一部分:

    • ‘A’: 订阅一个message,并且赋予它一个用于message_data_s的id.
      This must come before the first corresponding
      message_data_s.
    1. struct message_add_logged_s {
    2. struct message_header_s header;
    3. uint8_t multi_id;
    4. uint16_t msg_id;
    5. char message_name[header.msg_size-hdr_size-3];
    6. };

    multi_id: 相同的消息格式可以通过multi_id赋予多个实例。默认的第一个实例为0。
    msg_id: 唯一的 id 用来匹配 message_data_s 数据.第一次用必须置0,然后增加(The first use must set
    this to 0, then increase it.) 不同的订阅必须使用不同的id,甚至在取消订阅之后也不能使用相同的id
    message_name: 要订阅的消息名称. 必须与message_format_s 中的一个定义相匹配.

    • ‘R’: 取消订阅一个message,标记这个消息不再被记录 (当前没有使用).
    1. struct message_remove_logged_s {
    2. struct message_header_s header;
    3. uint16_t msg_id;
    4. };
    • ‘D’: 包含记录的数据.
    1. struct message_data_s {
    2. struct message_header_s header;
    3. uint16_t msg_id;
    4. uint8_t data[header.msg_size-hdr_size];
    5. };

    msg_id: 被message_add_logged_s定义的 message. data 包含被 message_format_s定义的
    二进制消息. 关于padding特殊的处理机制查看上面.

    • ‘L’: 记录的字符串消息, i.e. printf output.
    1. struct message_logging_s {
    2. struct message_header_s header;
    3. uint8_t log_level;
    4. uint64_t timestamp;
    5. char message[header.msg_size-hdr_size-9]
    6. };

    timestamp:微秒为单位, log_level: 与 Linux kernel 一样:

    Name Level value Meaning
    EMERG ‘0’ System is unusable
    ALERT ‘1’ Action must be taken immediately
    CRIT ‘2’ Critical conditions
    ERR ‘3’ Error conditions
    WARNING ‘4’ Warning conditions
    NOTICE ‘5’ Normal but significant condition
    INFO ‘6’ Informational
    DEBUG ‘7’ Debug-level messages
    • synchronization message so that a reader can recover from a corrupt
      message by search for the next sync message (not used currently).
      ‘S’: 同步消息,消息阅读器通过搜索下一个同步消息的方式从一个损坏的消息恢复。(当前未使用)
      1. struct message_sync_s {
      2. struct message_header_s header;
      3. uint8_t sync_magic[8];
      4. };

    sync_magic: 待定义(to be defined).

    • ‘O’: 标记一个在以ms给定的时间段内的数据丢失 (丢失日志消息)。
      比如设备不够快的时候就会发生消息丢失.
    1. struct message_dropout_s {
    2. struct message_header_s header;
    3. uint16_t duration;
    4. };
    • ‘I’: information message. See above.
    • ‘P’: parameter message. See above.

    Requirements for Parsers

    A valid ULog parser must fulfill the following requirements:

    • Must ignore unknown messages (but it can print a warning).
    • Parse future/unknown file format versions as well (but it can print a warning).
    • Must refuse to parse a log which contains unknown incompatibility bits set
      (incompat_flags of ulog_message_flag_bits_s message), meaning the log
      contains breaking changes that the parser cannot handle.
    • A parser must be able to correctly handle logs that end abruptly, in the
      middle of a message. The unfinished message should just be discarged.
    • For appended data: a parser can assume the Data section exists, i.e. the
      offset points to a place after the Definitions section.

      Appended data must be treated as if it was part of the regular Data section.

    Known Implementations

    • PX4 Firmware: C++
      • logger module
      • replay module
      • hardfault_log module:
        append hardfault crash data.
    • pyulog: python, ULog parser library with CLI
      scripts.
    • FlightPlot: Java, log plotter.
    • MAVLink: Messages for ULog streaming via
      MAVLink (note that appending data is not supported, at least not for cut off
      messages).
    • QGroundControl: C++, ULog
      streaming via MAVLink and minimal parsing for GeoTagging.
    • mavlink-router: C++, ULog streaming
      via MAVLink.
    • MAVGAnalysis: Java, ULog streaming via
      MAVLink and parser for plotting and analysis.

    File Format Version History

    Changes in version 2

    Addition of ulog_message_info_multiple_header_s and ulog_message_flag_bits_s
    messages and the ability to append data to a log. This is used to add crash data
    to an existing log. If data is appended to a log that is cut in the middle of a
    message, it cannot be parsed with version 1 parsers. Other than that forward and
    backward compatibility is given if parsers ignore unknown messages.