- 关键字和保留字
关键字和保留字
关键字在 SQL 中有特殊的意义, 例如 SELECT
,UPDATE
,DELETE
,在作为表名跟函数名的时候,需要特殊对待,例如作为表名,保留字需要被反引号包住:
mysql> CREATE TABLE select (a INT);
ERROR 1105 (HY000): line 0 column 19 near " (a INT)" (total length 27)
mysql> CREATE TABLE `select` (a INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
BEGIN
和 END
是关键字, 但不是保留字,所以不需要反引号:
mysql> CREATE TABLE `select` (BEGIN int, END int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)
有一种特殊情况, 如果使用了限定符 .
,那么也不需要用反引号:
mysql> CREATE TABLE test.select (BEGIN int, END int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
下表列出了在 TiDB 中的关键字跟保留字,保留字用 (R) 来标识:
ACTION | ADD (R) | ADDDATE | |
---|---|---|---|
ADMIN | AFTER | ALL (R) | |
ALTER (R) | ALWAYS | ANALYZE(R) | |
AND (R) | ANY | AS (R) | |
ASC (R) | ASCII | AUTO_INCREMENT | |
AVG | AVG_ROW_LENGTH | BEGIN | |
BETWEEN (R) | BIGINT (R) | BINARY (R) | |
BINLOG | BIT | BIT_XOR | |
BLOB (R) | BOOL | BOOLEAN | |
BOTH (R) | BTREE | BY (R) | |
BYTE | CASCADE (R) | CASE (R) | |
CAST | CHANGE (R) | CHAR (R) | |
CHARACTER (R) | CHARSET | CHECK (R) | |
CHECKSUM | COALESCE | COLLATE (R) | |
COLLATION | COLUMN (R) | COLUMNS | |
COMMENT | COMMIT | COMMITTED | |
COMPACT | COMPRESSED | COMPRESSION | |
CONNECTION | CONSISTENT | CONSTRAINT (R) | |
CONVERT (R) | COUNT | CREATE (R) | |
CROSS (R) | CURRENT_DATE (R) | CURRENT_TIME (R) | |
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP (R) | CURRENT_USER (R) | CURTIME | |
DATA | DATABASE (R) | DATABASES (R) | |
DATE | DATE_ADD | DATE_SUB | |
DATETIME | DAY | DAY_HOUR (R) | |
DAY_MICROSECOND (R) | DAY_MINUTE (R) | DAY_SECOND (R) | |
DDL | DEALLOCATE | DEC | |
DECIMAL (R) | DEFAULT (R) | DELAY_KEY_WRITE | |
DELAYED (R) | DELETE (R) | DESC (R) | |
DESCRIBE (R) | DISABLE | DISTINCT (R) | |
DISTINCTROW (R) | DIV (R) | DO | |
DOUBLE (R) | DROP (R) | DUAL (R) | |
DUPLICATE | DYNAMIC | ELSE (R) | |
ENABLE | ENCLOSED | END | |
ENGINE | ENGINES | ENUM | |
ESCAPE | ESCAPED | EVENTS | |
EXCLUSIVE | EXECUTE | EXISTS | |
EXPLAIN (R) | EXTRACT | FALSE (R) | |
FIELDS | FIRST | FIXED | |
FLOAT (R) | FLUSH | FOR (R) | |
FORCE (R) | FOREIGN (R) | FORMAT | |
FROM (R) | FULL | FULLTEXT (R) | |
FUNCTION | GENERATED (R) | GET_FORMAT | |
GLOBAL | GRANT (R) | GRANTS | |
GROUP (R) | GROUP_CONCAT | HASH | |
HAVING (R) | HIGH_PRIORITY (R) | HOUR | |
HOUR_MICROSECOND (R) | HOUR_MINUTE (R) | HOUR_SECOND (R) | |
IDENTIFIED | IF (R) | IGNORE (R) | |
IN (R) | INDEX (R) | INDEXES | |
INFILE (R) | INNER (R) | INSERT (R) | |
INT (R) | INTEGER (R) | INTERVAL (R) | |
INTO (R) | IS (R) | ISOLATION | |
JOBS | JOIN (R) | JSON | |
KEY (R) | KEY_BLOCK_SIZE | KEYS (R) | |
KILL (R) | LEADING (R) | LEFT (R) | |
LESS | LEVEL | LIKE (R) | |
LIMIT (R) | LINES (R) | LOAD (R) | |
LOCAL | LOCALTIME (R) | LOCALTIMESTAMP (R) | |
LOCK (R) | LONGBLOB (R) | LONGTEXT (R) | |
LOW_PRIORITY (R) | MAX | MAX_ROWS | |
MAXVALUE (R) | MEDIUMBLOB (R) | MEDIUMINT (R) | |
MEDIUMTEXT (R) | MICROSECOND | MIN | |
MIN_ROWS | MINUTE | MINUTE_MICROSECOND (R) | |
MINUTE_SECOND (R) | MIN | MIN_ROWS | |
MINUTE | MINUTE_MICROSECOND | MINUTE_SECOND | |
MOD (R) | MODE | MODIRY | |
MONTH | NAMES | NATIONAL | |
NATURAL (R) | NO | NO_WRITE_TO_BINLOG (R) | |
NONE | NOT (R) | NOW | |
NULL (R) | NUMERIC (R) | NVARCHAR (R) | |
OFFSET | ON (R) | ONLY | |
OPTION (R) | OR (R) | ORDER (R) | |
OUTER (R) | PARTITION (R) | PARTITIONS | |
PASSWORD | PLUGINS | POSITION | |
PRECISION (R) | PREPARE | PRIMARY (R) | |
PRIVILEGES | PROCEDURE (R) | PROCESS | |
PROCESSLIST | QUARTER | QUERY | |
QUICK | RANGE (R) | READ (R) | |
REAL (R) | REDUNDANT | REFERENCES (R) | |
REGEXP (R) | RENAME (R) | REPEAT (R) | |
REPEATABLE | REPLACE (R) | RESTRICT (R) | |
REVERSE | REVOKE (R) | RIGHT (R) | |
RLIKE (R) | ROLLBACK | ROW | |
ROW_COUNT | ROW_FORMAT | SCHEMA | |
SCHEMAS | SECOND | SECOND_MICROSECOND (R) | |
SELECT (R) | SERIALIZABLE | SESSION | |
SET (R) | SHARE | SHARED | |
SHOW (R) | SIGNED | SMALLINT (R) | |
SNAPSHOT | SOME | SQL_CACHE | |
SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS (R) | SQL_NO_CACHE | START | |
STARTING (R) | STATS | STATS_BUCKETS | |
STATS_HISTOGRAMS | STATS_META | STATS_PERSISTENT | |
STATUS | STORED (R) | SUBDATE | |
SUBSTR | SUBSTRING | SUM | |
SUPER | TABLE (R) | TABLES | |
TERMINATED (R) | TEXT | THAN | |
THEN (R) | TIDB | TIDB_INLJ | |
TIDB_SMJ | TIME | TIMESTAMP | |
TIMESTAMPADD | TIMESTAMPDIFF | TINYBLOB (R) | |
TINYINT (R) | TINYTEXT (R) | TO (R) | |
TRAILING (R) | TRANSACTION | TRIGGER (R) | |
TRIGGERS | TRIM | TRUE (R) | |
TRUNCATE | UNCOMMITTED | UNION (R) | |
UNIQUE (R) | UNKNOWN | UNLOCK (R) | |
UNSIGNED (R) | UPDATE (R) | USE (R) | |
USER | USING (R) | UTC_DATE (R) | |
UTC_TIME (R) | UTC_TIMESTAMP (R) | VALUE | |
VALUES (R) | VARBINARY (R) | VARCHAR (R) | |
VARIABLES | VIEW | VIRTUAL (R) | |
WARNINGS | WEEK | WHEN (R) | |
WHERE (R) | WITH (R) | WRITE (R) | |
XOR (R) | YEAR | YEAR_MONTH (R) | |
ZEROFILL (R) |