- 二十三、共享 X 轴
二十三、共享 X 轴
在这个 Matplotlib 数据可视化教程中,我们将讨论sharex选项,它允许我们在图表之间共享x轴。将sharex看做『复制 x』也许更好。
在我们开始之前,首先我们要做些修剪并在另一个轴上设置最大刻度数,如下所示:
ax2.yaxis.set_major_locator(mticker.MaxNLocator(nbins=7, prune='upper'))
以及
ax3.yaxis.set_major_locator(mticker.MaxNLocator(nbins=4, prune='upper'))
现在,让我们共享所有轴域之间的x轴。 为此,我们需要将其添加到轴域定义中:
fig = plt.figure()ax1 = plt.subplot2grid((6,1), (0,0), rowspan=1, colspan=1)plt.title(stock)plt.ylabel('H-L')ax2 = plt.subplot2grid((6,1), (1,0), rowspan=4, colspan=1, sharex=ax1)plt.ylabel('Price')ax3 = plt.subplot2grid((6,1), (5,0), rowspan=1, colspan=1, sharex=ax1)plt.ylabel('MAvgs')
上面,对于ax2和ax3,我们添加一个新的参数,称为sharex,然后我们说,我们要与ax1共享x轴。
使用这种方式,我们可以加载图表,然后我们可以放大到一个特定的点,结果将是这样:

所以这意味着所有轴域沿着它们的x轴一起移动。 这很酷吧!
接下来,让我们将[-start:]应用到所有数据,所以所有轴域都起始于相同地方。 我们最终的代码为:
import matplotlib.pyplot as pltimport matplotlib.dates as mdatesimport matplotlib.ticker as mtickerfrom matplotlib.finance import candlestick_ohlcfrom matplotlib import styleimport numpy as npimport urllibimport datetime as dtstyle.use('fivethirtyeight')print(plt.style.available)print(plt.__file__)MA1 = 10MA2 = 30def moving_average(values, window):weights = np.repeat(1.0, window)/windowsmas = np.convolve(values, weights, 'valid')return smasdef high_minus_low(highs, lows):return highs-lowsdef bytespdate2num(fmt, encoding='utf-8'):strconverter = mdates.strpdate2num(fmt)def bytesconverter(b):s = b.decode(encoding)return strconverter(s)return bytesconverterdef graph_data(stock):fig = plt.figure()ax1 = plt.subplot2grid((6,1), (0,0), rowspan=1, colspan=1)plt.title(stock)plt.ylabel('H-L')ax2 = plt.subplot2grid((6,1), (1,0), rowspan=4, colspan=1, sharex=ax1)plt.ylabel('Price')ax3 = plt.subplot2grid((6,1), (5,0), rowspan=1, colspan=1, sharex=ax1)plt.ylabel('MAvgs')stock_price_url = 'http://chartapi.finance.yahoo.com/instrument/1.0/'+stock+'/chartdata;type=quote;range=1y/csv'source_code = urllib.request.urlopen(stock_price_url).read().decode()stock_data = []split_source = source_code.split('\n')for line in split_source:split_line = line.split(',')if len(split_line) == 6:if 'values' not in line and 'labels' not in line:stock_data.append(line)date, closep, highp, lowp, openp, volume = np.loadtxt(stock_data,delimiter=',',unpack=True,converters={0: bytespdate2num('%Y%m%d')})x = 0y = len(date)ohlc = []while x < y:append_me = date[x], openp[x], highp[x], lowp[x], closep[x], volume[x]ohlc.append(append_me)x+=1ma1 = moving_average(closep,MA1)ma2 = moving_average(closep,MA2)start = len(date[MA2-1:])h_l = list(map(high_minus_low, highp, lowp))ax1.plot_date(date[-start:],h_l[-start:],'-')ax1.yaxis.set_major_locator(mticker.MaxNLocator(nbins=4, prune='lower'))candlestick_ohlc(ax2, ohlc[-start:], width=0.4, colorup='#77d879', colordown='#db3f3f')ax2.yaxis.set_major_locator(mticker.MaxNLocator(nbins=7, prune='upper'))ax2.grid(True)bbox_props = dict(boxstyle='round',fc='w', ec='k',lw=1)ax2.annotate(str(closep[-1]), (date[-1], closep[-1]),xytext = (date[-1]+4, closep[-1]), bbox=bbox_props)## # Annotation example with arrow## ax2.annotate('Bad News!',(date[11],highp[11]),## xytext=(0.8, 0.9), textcoords='axes fraction',## arrowprops = dict(facecolor='grey',color='grey'))###### # Font dict example## font_dict = {'family':'serif',## 'color':'darkred',## 'size':15}## # Hard coded text## ax2.text(date[10], closep[1],'Text Example', fontdict=font_dict)ax3.plot(date[-start:], ma1[-start:], linewidth=1)ax3.plot(date[-start:], ma2[-start:], linewidth=1)ax3.fill_between(date[-start:], ma2[-start:], ma1[-start:],where=(ma1[-start:] < ma2[-start:]),facecolor='r', edgecolor='r', alpha=0.5)ax3.fill_between(date[-start:], ma2[-start:], ma1[-start:],where=(ma1[-start:] > ma2[-start:]),facecolor='g', edgecolor='g', alpha=0.5)ax3.xaxis.set_major_formatter(mdates.DateFormatter('%Y-%m-%d'))ax3.xaxis.set_major_locator(mticker.MaxNLocator(10))ax3.yaxis.set_major_locator(mticker.MaxNLocator(nbins=4, prune='upper'))for label in ax3.xaxis.get_ticklabels():label.set_rotation(45)plt.setp(ax1.get_xticklabels(), visible=False)plt.setp(ax2.get_xticklabels(), visible=False)plt.subplots_adjust(left=0.11, bottom=0.24, right=0.90, top=0.90, wspace=0.2, hspace=0)plt.show()graph_data('EBAY')
下面我们会讨论如何创建多个y轴。
